Fourth period Grammar

Teaching goals 教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1. Ability goals 能力目標(biāo)

Enable Ss to understand “Noun clauses as subject”

2. Learning ability goals 學(xué)能目標(biāo)

Enable Ss to use the noun clauses to make sentences.

Teaching important points教學(xué)重點(diǎn)

引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞的掌握

Teaching difficult points教學(xué)難點(diǎn)

a.      it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型

b.     that和what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法區(qū)別

c.      whether和if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法區(qū)別

Teaching content教學(xué)內(nèi)容

   Step1.Lead in 

What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?                                     

      A tree has fallen across the road.

      You are a student.

      To find your way can be a problem.

      Smoking is bad for you.

      “How do you do?” is a greeting.

      What she said is not yet known.

      That we shall be late is certain.

      It is certain that we shall be late.

      We can see from these sentences that a sentence serves as subject, so we call it Subject Clause.

主語(yǔ)從句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）
  在主從復(fù)合句中,用作主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句，它是名詞性從句之一。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：連詞that, whether\if；連接代詞who, what,whom, which和whoever, whatever,whomever, whichever；連接副詞when, where, how和why。

1) that在句中具有“兩不”原則：

不作句子成分；沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義。

that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí)，that可以省略。

   That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.

    他們急需幫助，這是十分明顯的。

2) 由whether\if引起的主語(yǔ)從句。

  如果主語(yǔ)從句置于句首，不能用if引導(dǎo)，只能用whether。但如果用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí)，也可以用if引導(dǎo)。

   Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided.

   他們是否賣(mài)掉這所房子還沒(méi)有決定。

3) 連接代詞,what,who, which, whom, whose, whoever, whatever,whomever, whichever在從句中的作用為：連接主從句；作句子成分；有實(shí)際意義。同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等；whoever, whatever, whichever在意義上更為強(qiáng)調(diào)，常譯為“無(wú)論……”；

What the teacher said today was quite right. 

   老師今天說(shuō)的話是十分正確的。

Whatever was said here must be kept secret.

    這里說(shuō)的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。

Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.

    凡犯了錯(cuò)誤的人都必須改正。

4)；連接副詞when, where, why, how等也有各自的意義，起連接作用，并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

   注意: 上述例句中的主語(yǔ)從句都是放在句首, 但有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡, 避免 “頭重腳輕”, 常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ), 而把從句放在后面。 例如:

It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.

 她犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤, 真是遺憾。

這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型:

 1) It is + adj. / n. + 從句

  It is a pity/shame that... 遺憾的是……

  It is possible that...  很可能……

  It is unlikely that...  不可能……

 2) It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + 從句

  It seems/appears that...   似乎……

  It happened that...           碰巧……

 3) It + be +過(guò)去分詞+從句

  It is said that...  據(jù)說(shuō)……

  It is known to all that...  眾所周知……

  It is reported that...  據(jù)報(bào)道……

  It is believed that...  據(jù)信……; 人們相信……

  It is suggested that... 有人建議……

    It must be pointed out that... 必須指出……

    It has been proved that... 已證明…….

   如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.

      據(jù)信, 至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉。

4) 用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that...句型中, 主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形的形式, should有時(shí)可以省略。

[高考鏈接]

從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可     以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1. It remains to be seen _____ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put

  into practice.   (陜西 2013)

  A. that       B. which        C. what       D. whether

2. _____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.  (天津2013)

  A. That      B. Which      C. Whether     D. What

3. _____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.  (北京2013)

  A. That  B. What    C. Who  D. Which

4. It is by no means clear _____ the president can do to end the strike. (2012大綱全國(guó)卷I)

  A. how  B. which   C. that     D. what

Keys: DDBD